Prevención del prematuro: De la fisiología a la práctica clínica
Palabras clave:
Prevención, Parto pretérmino, Progesterona, Cerclaje, Pesario
Resumen
El parto prematuro espontáneo es uno de los mayores determinantes de la mobi-mortalidad perinatal e infantil. Entender los mecanismo que lo desencadenan es de vital importancia para implementar de forma más eficiente las medidas que conlleven a su prevención. El objetivo principal de la presente revisión es mencionar aspectos generales que son trascendentales para entender el impacto de la prematuridad en la actualidad y explicar el fundamento que existe detrás de su fisiopatología para una mejor implementación de los intervenciones disponibles al día de hoy para evitar su evolución
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Beck S, Wojdyla D, Say L, et al. The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and. Morbidity. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88: 31–38.
Lawn JE, Wilczynska-Ketende K, Cousens SN. Estimating the causes of 4 million neonatal deaths in the year 2000. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35: 706-718.
Mwaniki M, Atieno M, Law JE, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: A systematic review. Lancet 2012; 379: 445-452.
Iams JD, Romero R, Culhane JF, et al. Preterm birth 2: primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of preterm birth. Lancet 2008; 371: 164-175.
Romero R, Espinoza J, Kusanovic JP, et al. The preterm parturition syndrome. BJOG 2006; 113: 17-42.
Son M, Miller ES. Predicting preterm birth: Cervical length and fetal fibronectin. Sem Perinatol 2017; 41: 445-451.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 130: prediction and prevention of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:964-73.
Son M, Grobman WA, Ayala NK, et al. A universal mid-trimester transvaginal cervical length screening program and its associated reduced preterm birth rate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214: 365.e1-5.
Thangatorai R, Lim FC, Nalliah S. Cervical pessary in the prevention of preterm birth in multiple pregnancies with a short cervix: PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. J Mater Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 31: 1638-1645.
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Nicolaides KH. Cervical pessary to prevent birth in asymptomatic high-risk women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 42-65.e.2.
Gudicha DW, Romero R, Kabiri D. Personalized assessment of cervical length improves prediction of spontaneous preterm birth: a standard and a percentile calculator. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224: 288.e1-288.e17.
Becher N, K. Adams Waldorf, M. Hein et al. The cervical mucus plug: structured review of the literature. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009; 88: 502e513.
Kyrgiou M, Athanasiou A, Kalliala IE, et al. Obstetrics outcomes after conservative treatment for cervical intraepithelial lesion and early invasive disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 11: CD012847.
Mora J, Leal-Mateos M. Resultados obstétricos de las pacientes sometidas a procedimientos de escisión electroquirurgica por asa. Acta Méd Costarric 2014; 56: 163-166.
Vink J, Feltovich H. Cervical etiology of spontaneous preterm birth, Semin Fetal Neonatl Med 2016; 21: 106-112.
Nott JP, Bonney EA, Pickering JD et al. The structure and function of the cervix during pregnancy. Translational Research in Anatomy 2016; 2: 1-7.
SMMF. The role of routine cervical length screening in selected high and low risk women for preterm birth prevention. SMMF Consult Series 2016; 40: B2-B7.
Zakar T, Mesiano S. How does progesterone relax the uterus in pregnancy? N Eng J Med 2011; 346: 972-973.
Sykes L, Benneth PR. Efficacy of progesterone for prevention of preterm birth. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 52: 126-136.
Dokhac L, Albis AD, Janmot CJ et al. Myosin light chain phosphorylation in intact rat uterine smooth muscle. Rol of calcium and cyclic AMP. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1986; 7: 259-268.
Dodd JM, Jones L, Flenady V, et al. Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 7: CD004947.
Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, Da Fonseca E, et al. Vaginal progesterone for preventing brith and adverse perinatal outcome in singleton gestatios with a short cervix: A meta-analysis of individual patient data. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218: 161-180.
Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, El-Refaie W, et al. Vaginal progesterone decreases preterm birth and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with a twin gestation and short cervix: A update meta-analysis of individual patient data. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49: 303-314.
Groom KM, Shennan AH, Bennett PR. Ultrasound-indicated cervical cerclage: Outcome depends on preoperative cervical length and presence of visible membranes at time of cerclage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187: 445-449.
Berghella V, Rafael TJ, Szychowski JM, et al. Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography in women with singleton gestations and previous preterm birth: Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117: 663-671.
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Nicolaides K, et al. Vaginal progesterone vs cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix, previous preterm birth, and singleton gestation: A systematic review and indirect comparison metanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208: 42 e1-8.
Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Medley N. Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 6: CD008991.
Thangatorai R, Lim FC, Nalliah S. Cervical pessary in the prevention of preterm birth in multiple pregnancies with a short cervix: PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. J Mater Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 31: 1638-1645.
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Nicolaides KH. Cervical pessary to prevent birth in asymptomatic high-risk women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 42-65.e.2.
Beck S, Wojdyla D, Say L, et al. The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and. Morbidity. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88: 31–38.
Lawn JE, Wilczynska-Ketende K, Cousens SN. Estimating the causes of 4 million neonatal deaths in the year 2000. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35: 706-718.
Mwaniki M, Atieno M, Law JE, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: A systematic review. Lancet 2012; 379: 445-452.
Iams JD, Romero R, Culhane JF, et al. Preterm birth 2: primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of preterm birth. Lancet 2008; 371: 164-175.
Romero R, Espinoza J, Kusanovic JP, et al. The preterm parturition syndrome. BJOG 2006; 113: 17-42.
Son M, Miller ES. Predicting preterm birth: Cervical length and fetal fibronectin. Sem Perinatol 2017; 41: 445-451.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 130: prediction and prevention of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:964-73.
Son M, Grobman WA, Ayala NK, et al. A universal mid-trimester transvaginal cervical length screening program and its associated reduced preterm birth rate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214: 365.e1-5.
Thangatorai R, Lim FC, Nalliah S. Cervical pessary in the prevention of preterm birth in multiple pregnancies with a short cervix: PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. J Mater Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 31: 1638-1645.
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Nicolaides KH. Cervical pessary to prevent birth in asymptomatic high-risk women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 42-65.e.2.
Gudicha DW, Romero R, Kabiri D. Personalized assessment of cervical length improves prediction of spontaneous preterm birth: a standard and a percentile calculator. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224: 288.e1-288.e17.
Becher N, K. Adams Waldorf, M. Hein et al. The cervical mucus plug: structured review of the literature. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009; 88: 502e513.
Kyrgiou M, Athanasiou A, Kalliala IE, et al. Obstetrics outcomes after conservative treatment for cervical intraepithelial lesion and early invasive disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 11: CD012847.
Mora J, Leal-Mateos M. Resultados obstétricos de las pacientes sometidas a procedimientos de escisión electroquirurgica por asa. Acta Méd Costarric 2014; 56: 163-166.
Vink J, Feltovich H. Cervical etiology of spontaneous preterm birth, Semin Fetal Neonatl Med 2016; 21: 106-112.
Nott JP, Bonney EA, Pickering JD et al. The structure and function of the cervix during pregnancy. Translational Research in Anatomy 2016; 2: 1-7.
SMMF. The role of routine cervical length screening in selected high and low risk women for preterm birth prevention. SMMF Consult Series 2016; 40: B2-B7.
Zakar T, Mesiano S. How does progesterone relax the uterus in pregnancy? N Eng J Med 2011; 346: 972-973.
Sykes L, Benneth PR. Efficacy of progesterone for prevention of preterm birth. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 52: 126-136.
Dokhac L, Albis AD, Janmot CJ et al. Myosin light chain phosphorylation in intact rat uterine smooth muscle. Rol of calcium and cyclic AMP. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1986; 7: 259-268.
Dodd JM, Jones L, Flenady V, et al. Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 7: CD004947.
Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, Da Fonseca E, et al. Vaginal progesterone for preventing brith and adverse perinatal outcome in singleton gestatios with a short cervix: A meta-analysis of individual patient data. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218: 161-180.
Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, El-Refaie W, et al. Vaginal progesterone decreases preterm birth and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with a twin gestation and short cervix: A update meta-analysis of individual patient data. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49: 303-314.
Groom KM, Shennan AH, Bennett PR. Ultrasound-indicated cervical cerclage: Outcome depends on preoperative cervical length and presence of visible membranes at time of cerclage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187: 445-449.
Berghella V, Rafael TJ, Szychowski JM, et al. Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography in women with singleton gestations and previous preterm birth: Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117: 663-671.
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Nicolaides K, et al. Vaginal progesterone vs cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix, previous preterm birth, and singleton gestation: A systematic review and indirect comparison metanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208: 42 e1-8.
Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Medley N. Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 6: CD008991.
Thangatorai R, Lim FC, Nalliah S. Cervical pessary in the prevention of preterm birth in multiple pregnancies with a short cervix: PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. J Mater Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 31: 1638-1645.
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Nicolaides KH. Cervical pessary to prevent birth in asymptomatic high-risk women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 42-65.e.2.
Publicado
2023-01-05
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