Paracetamol en el embarazo y riesgo de trastornos del neurodesarrollo: ¿debemos replantear su seguridad?
Palabras clave:
Paracetamol, Embarazo, Trastornos del neurodesarrollo
Resumen
El paracetamol ha sido durante décadas el analgésico y antipirético de elección en el embarazo, en gran parte por su seguridad comparativa frente a otros fármacos. Sin embargo, la evidencia epidemiológica reciente ha generado un debate científico y clínico de gran relevancia: ¿puede su uso prenatal estar asociado con un mayor riesgo de trastornos del neurodesarrollo, incluyendo el trastorno del espectro autista (ASD) y el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (ADHD)?
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Ystrom E, Gustavson K, Brandlistuen RE, Knudsen GP, Magnus P, Susser E, et al. Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Risk of ADHD. Pediatrics. 2017;140(5):e20163840.
Prada D, Ritz B, Bauer AZ, Baccarelli AA. Evaluation of the evidence on acetaminophen use and neurodevelopmental disorders using the Navigation Guide methodology. Environ Health. 2025;24(1):56.
Bührer C, Endesfelder S, Scheuer T, Schmitz T. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and the Developing Brain. IJMS. 2021;22(20):11156.
Parker W, Hornik CD, Bilbo S, Holzknecht ZE, Gentry L, Rao R, et al. The role of oxidative stress, inflammation and acetaminophen exposure from birth to early childhood in the induction of autism. J Int Med Res. 2017;45(2):407-38.
Graeca M, Kulesza R. Impaired brainstem auditory evoked potentials after in utero exposure to high dose paracetamol exposure. Hearing Research. 2024;454:109149.
Ali NA, Kennon-McGill S, Parker LD, James LP, Fantegrossi WE, McGill MR. NAPQI is absent in the mouse brain after sub-hepatotoxic and hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen. Toxicological Sciences. 2025;205(2):274-8.
Damkier P, Gram EB, Ceulemans M, Panchaud A, Cleary B, Chambers C, et al. Acetaminophen in Pregnancy and Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2025;145(2):168-76.
Brandlistuen RE, Ystrom E, Nulman I, Koren G, Nordeng H. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a sibling-controlled cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2013;42(6):1702-13.
Masarwa R, Levine H, Gorelik E, Reif S, Perlman A, Matok I. Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis of Cohort Studies. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2018;187(8):1817-27.
Avella-Garcia CB, Julvez J, Fortuny J, Rebordosa C, García-Esteban R, Galán IR, et al. Acetaminophen use in pregnancy and neurodevelopment: attention function and autism spectrum symptoms. Int J Epidemiol. 2016;115.
Patel R, Sushko K, Van Den Anker J, Samiee-Zafarghandy S. Long-Term Safety of Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure to Paracetamol: A Systematic Review. IJERPH. 2022;19(4):2128.
Ystrom E, Gustavson K, Brandlistuen RE, Knudsen GP, Magnus P, Susser E, et al. Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Risk of ADHD. Pediatrics. 2017;140(5):e20163840.
Prada D, Ritz B, Bauer AZ, Baccarelli AA. Evaluation of the evidence on acetaminophen use and neurodevelopmental disorders using the Navigation Guide methodology. Environ Health. 2025;24(1):56.
Bührer C, Endesfelder S, Scheuer T, Schmitz T. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and the Developing Brain. IJMS. 2021;22(20):11156.
Parker W, Hornik CD, Bilbo S, Holzknecht ZE, Gentry L, Rao R, et al. The role of oxidative stress, inflammation and acetaminophen exposure from birth to early childhood in the induction of autism. J Int Med Res. 2017;45(2):407-38.
Graeca M, Kulesza R. Impaired brainstem auditory evoked potentials after in utero exposure to high dose paracetamol exposure. Hearing Research. 2024;454:109149.
Ali NA, Kennon-McGill S, Parker LD, James LP, Fantegrossi WE, McGill MR. NAPQI is absent in the mouse brain after sub-hepatotoxic and hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen. Toxicological Sciences. 2025;205(2):274-8.
Damkier P, Gram EB, Ceulemans M, Panchaud A, Cleary B, Chambers C, et al. Acetaminophen in Pregnancy and Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2025;145(2):168-76.
Publicado
2025-09-30
Número
Sección
Editorial
